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Abstract
In August 2012, the New York Stock Exchange launched the Retail Liquidity Program (RLP), a trading facility that enables participating organizations to quote dark limit orders executable only by retail traders. A Hasbrouck (1991) structural vector autoregression shows that the facility increased the information content of the order flow by distinguishing retail trades from relatively more informed trades. A differences-in- differences event study finds that the RLP launch impacted market quality. Stocks with substantial RLP activity experienced mildly improved relative bid-ask spreads, effective spreads, price impacts and return autocorrelations in both the RLP and non-RLP segments.
Figure 2: The low price impact of retail trades on NYSE’s RLP compared to the main order flow

Citation
Garriott, C., & Walton, A. (2018). Retail order flow segmentation. The Journal of Trading, 13(3), 13–23.
@article{garriott2018retail,
title={Retail order flow segmentation},
author={Garriott, Corey and Walton, Adrian},
journal={The Journal of Trading},
volume={13},
number={3},
pages={13--23},
year={2018},
doi={10.3905/jot.2018.13.3.013}
}